January's Humiliated Dog and Dog Attack

Dog Attacks Women in Neighborhood Alley

http://www.connectamarillo.com/news/story.aspx?id=994909#.UtjHQ9JdWSo

A Deviant in the Modern World

On December 11, 2008, Bernard L. Madoff was arrested after forty-eight years of work in the Investments Industry. Madoff had managed to bilk over seventeen billion dollars from his investors before America’s largest Ponzi scheme had been exposed. There’s a famous video of Madoff returning to his seven million dollar Pen house. He’s wearing a dark jacket with his collar pulled up and he has a baseball cap pulled down low, concealing his eyes. He’s forced to wade through a crowd of flashing cameras and outstretched microphones. A photographer gives Madoff a firm shove. Madoff sputters back a few steps. The scene has the energy of a lynching, but no one feels bad for Bernie Madoff, apart from his close friends and family. In late 2008, Madoff had transgressed against society and society, arguably, made an example of him. Bernie Madoff, age seventy-five, was sentenced to one hundred and fifty years in prison for his violation of society’s norms. Madoff’s crimes went far past simple fraud. His crimes affected more than just the Americans who punished him. Hundreds of businesses had unwittingly invested into Madoff’s Ponzi scheme and when it collapsed, all of their money scattered to the wind. Thousands of wealthy Americans were burned by Madoff. This scheme emptied out the tills of numerous schools, small businesses and charitable organizations. Old men, about to retire, found that they had no money to retire with. For a time in 2009, Bernie Madoff was the most hated man in America, but Madoff hadn’t planned to behave so monstrously.
 Dan Ariely, in a ‘TED talk’, explored the roots of cheating. In his lecture, he used the term ‘Fudge Factor’ to describe how much unethical behavior an individual can tolerate, in themselves, while still considering themselves moral. This ‘Fudge Factor’ seems to be apparent in the case of David Kugel. Kugel was an Investment Trader for Bernie Madoff for nearly forty years. In that time, Kugel helped his mother, brother, and children set up investment accounts alongside his own at Bernard L. Madoff Securities. In Joseph Ax’s article in Reuters, Kugel reportedly said “[1]…even though I knew everything was wrong, that he [Madoff] was fooling people and sending out fraudulent accounts, I thought he was investing it and the money was safe," Kugel believed that he wasn’t endangering his family by involving their money in something unethical and inherently risky. Social Control Theory is based on the belief that an aversion to deviant behavior hinges on two subsets of control: Inner-Control and Outer-Control. Inner-Control is our morals. Outer-Controls are our laws. Madoff’s scheme seemingly had lasted for decades on end. Kugel had no rational reason to believe that the scheme would ever come crashing down. He had weak Outer-Controls. That doesn’t explain why his Inner-Controls allowed him to behave as he did. For that, I return to Dan Ariely’s TED Talk on cheating. Ariely had set up a series of experiments to understand why people cheat while others do not. In his first experiment, he gathered a group of college student and gave them a paper with twenty math problems. He told them that they would receive money for every math problem they answered correctly. He then gave them five minutes to answer the entire page. At the end, he collected all their pages. For most of the students, they were only able to answer four problems.
 Next, he did the experiment, again. He gave them five minutes, again. However, he didn’t collect the pages. He asked the students to just tell him how many problems they were able to solve. Now, on average, people were reporting that they solved seven problems. He had expected that the students might lie, but no one had claimed that they had solved all twenty problems. This can be explained by the ‘Fudge Factor.’ The students knew they were lying, but they didn’t think the lie was so horrible.
 Ariely wanted to see if he could get the students to cheat more. He set up another experiment with similar variables. He gave students twenty problems with only five minutes to perform the task. Ariely also didn’t ask for the pages back. He asked that the students reported the number of problems they were able to solve. The variable that changed was the money. Ariely didn’t hand out cash for correct questions. He handed out tokens that could be later redeemed for money. What he found was that the students cheated more when they were offered tokens. In his lecture, Ariely uses an example to illustrate his findings. “[2]…How bad would you feel if you take a pencil from work home compared to how bad would you feel about taking ten cents out of a Pity-Cash box?”
 This relates to Kugel because he wasn’t working directly with money. Everything Kugel did was a step removed from tangible cash. Kugel was working with the stocks and bonds. He was dealing with numbers on a spreadsheet. Kugel’s Inner-Controls weren’t being violated. For him, Madoff was stealing, but he wasn’t really hurting anybody. Had Madoff put a gun to someone’s forehead and demanded their wallet, Kugel’s Inner-Controls might’ve been violated and he wouldn’t have aided Madoff in perpetuating the Ponzi scheme.
This can be further explained by Kugel’s colleagues. Kugel was on trial, along with four other former Madoff Associates. All of them had allegedly aided Bernie Madoff in continuing this multi-billion dollar Ponzi scheme. Dan Ariely explains the phenomena in his lecture, stating ‘[3]…If someone from our In-Group cheats and we see them cheating, we feel it’s more appropriate.” People tend to take cues from the people around them. Kugel behaved like he did because Madoff and everyone else were behaving in a similar fashion.

----Bibliography---

Daniel Ariely; TED.com – [2] [3]

Our Buggy Moral Code: http://www.ted.com/talks/dan_ariely_on_our_buggy_moral_code.html

Joseph Ax; Reuters – [1]

Ex-Bernie Madoff Employee Testifies He Made Fake Trades with Co-Workers

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/31/ex-madoff-trader-implicat_n_4184884.html

The Buggy Physics Of Superman (Final Part)

It’s fun to imagine that the man of steel could be a flesh and blood man. In my research, I’ve found that I wasn’t alone in chasing Superman. I think I’ve established that we are fortunate that the big, blue Boy Scout doesn’t exist. He would accidentally kill more people than he could save. If Superman were real, the most important thing imaginable would be to get him to sit down in a Physics class.

The Buggy Physics of Superman (Part Four)

The most remembered and the most lampooned scene from the Superman movies is Superman attempt to turn back Time. A reoccurring problem for Superman is that Lois Lane keeps getting into danger. In this particular case, Superman was too late. Lois Lane is driving down a road when she is caught in a rockslide. The heavy rocks smash in her windshield and her car is flooded with dirt and rocks. She dies at the bottom of a ditch and Superman screams up to the sky in horror. He shoots up into the sky and whips around the Earth, flying faster and faster. He continues to build speed and he actually slows the Earth’s spin. He, then, manages to stop and reverse the Earth’s spin. Superman’s aim is to go back in time. What would obvious happen is the extinction of all life on Earth.

As stated above, an object is motion tends to stay in motion. Right now, as you read this paper, you are traveling at 1000mph. If Superman reversed the spin of the Earth, then everything not nailed down on that Earth would be flung off into space. I am not nailed down. Neither are you or anyone (hopefully) that you know. All of Earth’s oceans would come crashing onto land in Tsunamis more violent than the world has ever seen. The air, itself, would be affected. Biblical Hurricane would tear birds out of the sky, mashing them into nothing but broken bones, blood and feathers. Every building ever built would topple like a Jenga tower.

The Buggy Physics Of Superman (Part Three)

Imagine this: Lois Lane is dangling from the landing gear of an overturned helicopter. Down beneath her feet, there are more than thirty-stories of empty space. Her fingers peel away from the landing gear, one by one, and Lois falls through thin air at a rate of 9.81mph. Superman pulls open his dress shirt, revealing the red S on his chest. He shoots up and snatches her by she could hit the ground. “I’ve got you” Superman says to Lois. Lois looks down to the ground and all around and then asks “You got me. Who’s got you?”

The issue with this is that Lois appears to have hit Terminal Velocity. Terminal Velocity is the maximum speed an object can fall through a medium. Gravity is pulling at Lois at a rate of 9.81mph but the air is slowing her down. It can be assumed that Lois’s terminal velocity is approximately 120mph. For Superman to catch Lois in midair, he has to fly faster than the speed of her decent. Superman was also flying upward. Sir Isaac Newton introduced the First Law of Motion, which dictates that an object in motion will remain in motion until it is met by an equal or opposite force. This means that Superman is hitting Lois Lane at a speed faster than 120mph, but her internal organs and her skeletal structure are all moving at 120mph downward. Using real-world physics, Lois would die.

January Nerd Words Puzzle

Across 3. The 11th Doctor 6. Very long scarf and a hat 8. Books In the Dark Tower Series (2013) 10. The Icy King's first name 12. Mal's Ship 13. Love Trouble Is My Business

Down 1. Bullet In The Head 2. Number of African-American Women on SNL 3. "Bad" in the Latin 4. All That You Love Will Be Carried Away 5. Luke's original last name. 7. Atlas Shrugged 9. A Time Lord Who Hates The Doctor 11. The Hero Of Camdon, The Man they call ___

The Buggy Physics Of Superman (Part Two)

One of the most iconic scenes from the Superman films is that of Superman and Lois Lane flying over Metropolis. Superman floats down to Lois’s apartment windows and offers her his hand. She takes it and they go for a ride through the night air. At first, he carries her but, after no time at all, they are flying at arm’s length, wind combing through both of their hair. This scene, although lovely, ignores every law of Physics. Depending on how you read this scene, Lois Lane should either have been dangling from Superman’s outstretched arm or her arm should’ve been torn off. The speed of the scene suggests that the former should have happened. Lois appears, in the scene, to have achieved enough acceleration to have Lift. Lift is what allows planes to fly. To achieve flight, Lois’s lift had to be equal or greater than her weight and her Thrust Force, what is propelling her forward, must be greater than the Drag Force, wind-resistance, acting on her body. Lois’s body is completely horizontal, but both she and Superman are moving far too slow for that to be possible. It appears that her Thrust Force is too weak for flight. They’re moving like two kites on a strong breeze. I could be mistaken and both Superman and Lois could be flying fast enough to allow for Lois’s flight. I have to assume that Lois Lane weighs approximately 111lbs. Superman is reported to weigh 215lbs. That is a combined weight of 326lbs. Superman, Lois’s mode of acceleration, would need to provide -326lbs of Lift force. That, as I stated above, causes its own share of problems.

I had mentioned Tensile Strength earlier in this paper. Tensile Strength refers to the ability of an object to be stressed without breaking apart. The Tensile Strength of a human arm averages around 600lbs of force, applied. As I stated before, Superman has to provide 326lbs of Lift. The acceleration is acting on Lois’s very human body. This means, without factoring in the Thrust Force, Lois’s arm is more than halfway to the point of being torn from her body.

On average, a small Ultra-Light plane flies at 100mph at Take-Off. Lois Lane, most likely, weighs less than a piloted Ultra-Light plane. Lois, also, doesn’t have massive wings that would help her remain aloft. Because women tend not to fly, with or without Superman’s help, it is difficult to figure out what speed she would need to fly through the air. For the sake of argument, I will assume that Lois needs 100mph of Thrust Force. This means that she is experiencing -100mph of Drag Force. This all lends to the assumption that Lois Lane wouldn’t think much of Superman’s romantic gesture.